Strawberry Jewel

ABSTRACT

A strawberry plant which has large fruit, all-around performance and good fruit quality.

SUMMARY

This invention is a new and distinct variety of strawberry(Fragaria×Ananassa) which is exceptional for its very attractive largefruit, all-around performance and good fruit quality.

ORIGIN

This new cultivar was developed by the small fruits breeding program ofthe Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cornell University, New YorkState Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. The cross was N.Y.1221×`Holiday`, which was made in 1969. The specific clone was the soleselection of 292 seedlings from the cross and was selected in June 1971.It has been extensively tested under the number N.Y. 1324. In the fallof 1985, N.Y. 1324 will be named `Jewel`. ##STR1##

DESCRIPTION

N.Y. 1324 has a moderately vigorous plant growth habit. The trifoliateleaves are borne on erect to semierect moderately stout petioles. Thepetioles are covered with a moderately dense coating of hairs which aregenerally perpendicular to the petiole epidermis or tending to tiltslightly toward the apical end. The leaflet shape is generally oval toround with approximately straight edges at the base subtending an obtuseangle. Leaflet margins are coarsely toothed. Leaflet upper epidermis issmooth, slightly ridged between lateral veins, dark green and lightlypopulated with hairs. The lower epidermis is smooth and light green withfew hairs.

N.Y. 1324 spreads by means of runners of moderate vigor and number,producing a matted row of medium plant density when that cultural methodis used. It also appears well adapted to ribbon-row culture. Propagationis by means of the runner plants and by tissue culture. N.Y. 1324 isadapted to the Northeastern, Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of theUnited States. It is a hardy and consistent-cropping cultivar resistantto mildew and leaf spot but susceptible to verticillium wilt and redstele.

The fruit of N.Y. 1324 ripens in mid-to-late-midseason. The primary andsecondary berries are medium to large, bright red, glossy andblunt-conic to oblate in shape. Tertiary and quarternary berries aresmaller and mostly round. Seeds are yellow and set flush with, orslightly raised above, the berry surface. The calyx is medium to largein size, attractive, medium green in color, slightly reflexed and setinto a slightly depressed basal surface of the berry. The berry skin isbetter than average in abrasion resistance. The flesh is slightly firmerthan average. The berry color is a bright red, corresponding to Red 46Aof The Royal Horticultural Society (London) Colour Chart. The flavor ismoderately sweet and slightly acid with some of the aromatic quality ofits parent, `Holiday`. Picking ease is good, with the pedicel tending tosnap cleanly a short distance below the calyx.

Table 1 sets forth mean maturity dates based on a 1982 field trial.Traditional cultivars are underlined. Mean date of harvest wascalculated on a weighted basis. Means followed by the same letter arenot significantly different, based on Waller and Duncan's BSD test,K=100.

Table 2 sets forth mean subjective fruit skin toughness scores.Traditional cultivars are underlined. Skin toughness was subjectivelydetermined by rubbing the skin of several berries in the hand from eachreplicate of each genotype. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) wasscored independently. Each genotype was rated 1 to 9 with `9` being mostresistant to skin abrasion.

Table 3 sets forth mean Instron measurements from 1982 (firmest fruitlisted first). Traditional cultivars are underlined. Each genotype meanscore reflects the force required for the Instron probe to penetrate theflesh of undamaged berries. Twelve berries were tested of each genotypeon the same day of harvest for each harvest date. Means followed by thesame letter are not significantly different, based on Waller andDuncan's BSD test, K=100.

Table 4 sets forth mean berry weight of 29 strawberry genotypes basedupon 1982 field trials. Traditional cultivars are underlined. Mean berryweight was determined by dividing total yield per plot by total numberof berries per plot. Means followed by the same letter are notsignificantly different based on Waller and Duncan's BDS test, K=100.

Table 5 sets forth mean subjective fruit appearance scores. Traditionalcultivars are underlined. Berries were rated 1 to 9 with `9` being themost attractive. Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scoredindependently. Means followed by the same letter are not significantlydifferent, based upon Waller and Duncan's BSD test, K=100.

Table 6 sets forth mean subjective flavor scores. Traditional cultivarsare underlined. Berries were rated 1 to 9 with `9` being best flavor.Each plot at each harvest (replicate) was scored independently. Meansfollowed by the same letter are not significantly different, based onWaller and Duncan's BSD test, K=100.

Table 7 sets forth fruit rot incidence on strawberry cultivars andselections tested in 1978. Shown is the combined score for all rots(Botrytis, soft rots and white mold). Data supplied by Dr. H. S.Aldwinckle, Department of Plant Pathology, New York State AgriculturalExperiment Station.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean maturity date of NY 1324 vs. other cultivars.                            Gentoype     Mean Weighted Date of Harvest.sup.1                              ______________________________________                                        `Earlidawn`  June 23   A                                                      `Midland`    June 24   AB                                                     NY 1402      June 25   ABC                                                    MDUS 4380    June 26   BCD                                                    `Lester`     June 26   BCD                                                    MDUS 4355    June 26   BCD                                                    NY 1524      June 26   BCD                                                    MDUS 4774    June 26   BCD                                                    `Catskill`   June 27   CDE                                                    NY 1560      June 27   CDEF                                                   `Honeoye`    June 28   DEFG                                                   `Holiday`    June 28   DEFG                                                   NY 1530      June 28   DEFG                                                   MDUS 4579    June 28   DEFGH                                                  `Raitan`     June 28   DEFGHI                                                 NY 1570      June 29   EFGHIJ                                                 NY 1333      June 29   FGHIJK                                                 MDUS 4426    June 29   FGHIJK                                                 NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                                          June 30   GHIJKL                                                 NY 1529      July 1    HIJKLM                                                 NY 1368      July 1    HIJKLMN                                                NY 1431      July 1    IJKLMN                                                 NY 1406      July 1    IJKLMN                                                 NY 1580      July 1    JKLMN                                                  `Allstar`    July 1    JKLMN                                                  `Canoga`     July 2    KLMN                                                   `Scott`      July 2    LMN                                                    `Sparkle`    July 3    MN                                                     NY 1482      July 4    N                                                      ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean subjective fruit skin toughness scores for NY 1324                       and other cultivars.                                                          Treatment  Replicates   Mean Score*                                           ______________________________________                                        NY 1524    6            7.7 A                                                 NY 1529    5            7.6 AB                                                NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                                        5            7.4 AB                                                NY 1530    6            7.2 ABC                                               MDUS 4426  5            7.0 ABCD                                              NY 1368    5            6.8 ABCDE                                             MDUS 4579  5            6.8 ABCDE                                             `Holiday`  8            6.8 ABCDE                                             NY 1580    3            6.7 ABCDEF                                            `Canoga`   4            6.5 ABCDEF                                            `Scott`    8            6.5 BCDEF                                             `Lester`   7            6.3 BCDEF                                             `Allstar`  4            6.2 BCDEFG                                            NY 1333    5            6.0 CDEFG                                             NY 1406    9            5.9 DEFG                                              MDUS 4355  6            5.8 DEFG                                              MDUS 4774  5            5.6 EFGH                                              NY 1482    4            5.5 EFGHI                                             NY 1560    4            5.3 FGHI                                              NY 1402    5            5.2 FGHI                                              NY 1431    5            5.2 FGHI                                              `Raritan`  7            5.0 GHI                                               `Honeoye`  7            4.5 HIJ                                               MDUS 4380  6            4.3 IJK                                               `Sparkle`  5            3.8 JK                                                `Earlidawn`                                                                              8            3.7 JK                                                Midland    7            3.0 K                                                 NY 1570    1            2.0 KL                                                `Catskill` 7            1.1 L                                                 ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean firmness measurements for NY 1324 and other cultivars.                                     Mean puncture force                                         Genotype          (daltons)*                                                  ______________________________________                                        NY 1570           65.8 A                                                      NY 1529           62.7 A                                                      MDUS 4579         57.6 A                                                      MDUS 4774         56.4 A                                                      NY 1524           53.9 AB                                                     NY 1530           46.9BC                                                      NY 1580           46.7BC                                                      NY 1560           46.1BCD                                                     `Holiday`         45.7CD                                                      `Canoga`          44.7CDE                                                     MDUS 4426         44.2CDE                                                     `Allstar`         39.3CDEF                                                    NY 1431           38.3DEFG                                                    `Scott`           37.6EFGH                                                    NY 1406           35.9FGHI                                                    NY 1324 - `Jewel` 33.5FGHIJ                                                   NY 1402           32.5FGHIJ                                                   NY 1333           30.8GHIJ                                                    NY 1482           30.1GHIJK                                                   MDUS 4380         30.0HIJK                                                    `Honeoye`         28.8IJK                                                     MDUS 4355         28.7IJK                                                     `Lester`          28.6IJK                                                     `Midland`         27.1JKL                                                     NY 1368           27.1JKL                                                     `Raritan`         25.9JKL                                                     `Earlidawn`       25.6JKL                                                     `Sparkle`         22.0KL                                                      `Catskill`        19.9L                                                       ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 4                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean berry weight for NY 1324 and other cultivars                             Genotype          Grams/berry*                                                ______________________________________                                        NY 1524           14.4 A                                                      `Canoga`          13.7 AB                                                     `Allstar`         13.6 AB                                                     NY 1333           13.5 ABC                                                    MDUS 4426         13.4 ABC                                                    NY 1431           12.6 ABCD                                                   NY 1482           12.5 ABCD                                                   NY 1529           11.8 BCDE                                                   NY 1570           11.5 CDEF                                                   NY 1324 - `Jewel` 11.3 DEFG                                                   `Lester`          11.2 DEFG                                                   NY 1580           11.2 DEFG                                                   NY 1406           10.9 DEFGH                                                  NY 1368           10.8 DEFGHI                                                 `Holiday`         10.7 DEFGHIJ                                                NY 1560           10.5 EFGHIJK                                                MDUS 4579         10.2 EFGHIJKL                                               `Honeoye`         10.0 EFGHIJKL                                               MDUS 4380         10.0 EFGHIJKL                                               NY 1402           10.0 EFGHIJKL                                               MDUS 4774         9.7 FGHIJKL                                                 `Raritan`         9.3 GHIJKL                                                  `Scott`           9.1 HIJKL                                                   MDUS 4355         9.0 HIJKL                                                   `Catskill`        8.9 HIJKL                                                   NY 1530           8.8 IJKL                                                    `Midland`         8.7 JKL                                                     `Sparkle`         8.6 KL                                                      `Earlidawn`       8.3 L                                                       ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 5                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean fruit appearance scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.                 Genotype     Replicates   Mean Score*                                         ______________________________________                                        NY 1333      5            7.6 A                                               `Lester`     7            7.3 AB                                              NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                                          5            6.8 ABC                                             NY 1524      6            6.5 ABCD                                            NY 1530      6            6.3 ABCD                                            MDUS 4355    6            6.3 ABCDE                                           `Honeoye`    7            6.3 ABCDE                                           NY 1529      5            6.2 ABCDEF                                          MDUS 4380    6            6.2 BCDEF                                           `Scott`      8            6.1 BCDEF                                           NY 1368      5            6.0 BCDEF                                           NY 1560      4            5.8 CDEF                                            `Raritan`    7            5.7 CDEFG                                           `Allstar`    4            5.5 CDEFG                                           `Canoga`     4            5.5 CDEFG                                           `Holiday`    8            5.5 CDEFG                                           NY 1431      5            5.4 CDEFG                                           NY 1530      3            5.3 CDEFG                                           NY 1482      4            5.3 DEFG                                            NY 1402      5            5.0 EFG                                             NY 1406      9            4.9 FG                                              MDUS 4774    5            4.8 FG                                              `Earlidawn`  8            4.6 G                                               MDUS 4426    5            4.2 G                                               MDUS 4579    5            4.0 G                                               `Midland`    7            4.0 G                                               `Sparkle`    5            3.4 G                                               NY 1570      2            3.0 GH                                              `Catskill`   7            1.9 H                                               ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 6                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean flavor scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.                           Treatment     Replicates    Mean Score*                                       ______________________________________                                        `Lester`      7             6.3 A                                             NY 1570       2             6.0 AB                                            NY 1529       5             6.0 AB                                            NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                                           5             5.8 AB                                            `Holiday`     8             5.8 AB                                            NY 1368       5             5.6 AB                                            NY 1560       4             5.5 AB                                            `Sparkle`     5             5.4 AB                                            NY 1524       6             5.3 AB                                            `Raritan`     7             5.3 AB                                            `Honeoye`     7             5.1 AB                                            `Allstar`     4             5.0 AB                                            `Canoga`      4             5.0 AB                                            MDUS 4380     6             5.0 AB                                            `Scott`       8             4.9 AB                                            NY 1530       6             4.8 AB                                            MDUS 4355     6             4.8 AB                                            MDUS 4426     5             4.8 AB                                            NY 1333       5             4.8 AB                                            NY 1431       5             4.8 AB                                            NY 1580       3             4.7 AB                                            MDUS 4774     5             4.6B                                              NY 1402       5             4.6B                                              `Midland`     7             4.4B                                              NY 1406       9             4.2B                                              NY 1482       4             4.0B                                              `Catskill`    7             4.0B                                              MDUS 4579     5             3.8B                                              `Earlidawn`   8             3.8B                                              ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 7                                                         ______________________________________                                        Mean fruit rot scores for NY 1324 and other cultivars.                                        Mean Number                                                   Cultivar or Selection                                                                         Rotted Per 12 Reps.                                           ______________________________________                                        Earlidawn       11.7 A        3                                               NY 1476         11.2 A        5                                               NY 1402         11.2 A        5                                               Vibrant         10.6 AB       5                                               Veestar         10.6 AB       5                                               NY 1477         10.4 AB       5                                               NY 1515         10.0 ABC      3                                               NY 1531          9.8 ABC      5                                               NY 1530          9.8 ABC      5                                               NY 1415          9.8 ABC      5                                               NY 1287          9.8 ABC      5                                               NY 1475          9.4 ABCD     5                                               V6747R6          9.4 ABCD     5                                               Holiday          9.4 ABCD     5                                               MD 4359 (Lester)                                                                               9.2 ABCDE    5                                               NY 1529          9.0 ABCDEF   5                                               NY 1527          9.0 ABCDEF   4                                               NY 1261          9.0 ABCDEF   5                                               Surecrop         9.0 ABCDEF   5                                               NY 1366          8.0 ABCDEFG  3                                               NY 1264           8.0BCDEFG   4                                               Tenira            7.4CDEFG    5                                               NY 1285           7.2CDEFGH   5                                               NY 1524           7.0CDEFGH   3                                               NY 1431           7.0CDEFGH   5                                               NY 1368           7.0CDEFGH   5                                               NY 1333           6.8CDEFGH   5                                               NY 1362 (Canoga)                                                                                6.6DEFGH    5                                               NY 1384          6.4EFGH      5                                               Guardian          6.2FGH      5                                               NY 1324 - `Jewel`                                                                               5.8GH       5                                               NY 1406           5.2GH       5                                               NY 1404           4.8GH       5                                               NY 1409 (Honeoye)                                                                               4,4H        5                                               ______________________________________                                         Combined score for all rots (Botrytis, soft rots, and white mold). Data       supplied by Dr. H. S. Aldwinckle, Department of Plant Pathology, New York     State Agricultural Experiment Station.                                   

DESCRIPTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS

The following describes the accompanying photographs, documenting theunique features characterizing this new culture.

FIG. 1. Ribbon-row of `Jewel` in second year from planting. Plot is asingle line of plants spaced 6" apart in the row and all runners keptremoved.

FIG. 2. Fruit of `Jewel` in a one-quart box. Note size of fruit,wedge-conic shape and glossy, attractive appearance.

FIG. 3. Comparison of the fruit of `Jewel` with the corresponding colorfrom The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart.

MERITS

The most outstanding feature of N.Y. 1324 is its well-balanced,all-around performance. It combines good fruit size (Table 4),attractiveness (Table 5), quality (Table 6), tough skin (Table 2) andmoderately firm flesh (Table 3). In addition, the fruit of N.Y. 1324 arebetter than average in resistance to various fruit rots (Table 7). Also,N.Y. 1324 has consistently been rated above most other cultivars infrozen fruit taste panel trials.

The plants of N.Y. 1324 have good hardiness and wide regionaladaptation. Thirteen of sixteen cooperative testers from differentregions rated N.Y. 1324 as above-average to outstanding for all of thefollowing traits: yield, flavor, fruit size, appearance, firmness,keeping quality and foliar disease resistance.

We claim:
 1. The new and distinct variety of strawberry herein describedand illustrated and identified by the characters enumerated above.